Kidney structures

Glomerulus histology and image analysis

ConductVision Image finds every glomerulus in your kidney sections and measures its size, mesangial matrix, sclerosis, crescents and podocytes on the stains your lab uses.

Scale

  1. Kidney ~1 cm
  2. Cortex ~1 mm

As the view moves through the glomerulus, ConductVision Image keeps a box, an outline and a label on each cell it tracks. Choose a cell on the field or under Tracking to follow it.

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Structures

Glomerular structures and what is measured on each

Each card pairs a published photo of a structure with the measures ConductVision Image takes on it and the stains they are read on. Pick a stain to see only the structures it shows.

All 5 structures are shown.

  • Rat glomerulus in PAS with open capillary loops and thin magenta matrix, ringed by a clear Bowman's space.
    Rat glomerulus, PAS

    Normal glomerulus

    Open capillary loops fill the tuft, with a thin core of mesangial matrix between them.

    Measures

    • Glomerular densityglomeruli per mm² of cortex
    • Tuft areaµm²
    • Bowman's capsule areaµm²

    Read on

    • PAS
    • H&E
    • Masson's trichrome
    • Picrosirius red
    • IHC
  • Rat glomerulus in PAS with a solid magenta tuft and almost no open capillary loops.
    Rat glomerulus, PAS

    Glomerulosclerosis

    Matrix replaces the capillary loops, in part of the tuft or across all of it.

    Measures

    • Sclerosed areapercent of the tuft
    • Glomerulosclerosis scorescore for each glomerulus

    Read on

    • PAS
    • Masson's trichrome
  • Rat glomerulus in PAS with wider magenta matrix between crowded nuclei and fewer open capillary loops.
    Rat glomerulus, PAS

    Mesangial expansion

    Mesangial matrix widens between the loops, and the open spaces in the tuft narrow.

    Measures

    • Mesangial matrix areapercent of the tuft

    Read on

    • PAS
  • Mouse glomerulus in PAS ringed by layers of cells in Bowman's space, with magenta casts in the tubules around it.
    Mouse glomerulus, PAS

    Crescents

    Layers of cells fill Bowman's space and press on the tuft from the outside.

    Measures

    • Crescentspresent or absent in each glomerulus

    Read on

    • PAS
    • H&E
  • IHC for WT1 in mouse kidney, with brown podocyte nuclei along the edges of two glomeruli on a blue counterstain.
    Mouse kidney, WT1 IHC

    Podocytes

    Podocytes wrap the outside of the capillary loops, and a marker such as WT1 stains their nuclei.

    Measures

    • Podocytes per glomerulusWT1 or p57 positive nuclei
    • IHC positive areapercent of the structure

    Read on

    • IHC

Measures

What ConductVision Image measures in glomeruli

Every measure becomes a column in the summary tables ConductVision Image exports as CSV files, in the table for each section and, for most, the table for each animal.

Glomerular densityUnitglomeruli per mm² of cortexRead onEvery stainExported asGlomerular density, per section and per animal
Tuft areaUnitµm²Read onEvery stainExported asMean tuft area, per section and per animal
Bowman's capsule areaUnitµm²Read onEvery stainExported asMean capsule area, per section
Mesangial matrix areaUnitpercent of the tuftRead on
  • PAS
Exported asMesangial matrix area, per section and per animal
Sclerosed areaUnitpercent of the tuftRead on
  • PAS
  • Masson's trichrome
Exported asSclerosed area, per section
Glomerulosclerosis scoreUnitscore for each glomerulusRead on
  • PAS
Exported asGlomerulosclerosis index, per section and per animal
CrescentsUnitpresent or absent in each glomerulusRead on
  • PAS
  • H&E
Exported asCrescents, per section and per animal
Podocytes per glomerulusUnitWT1 or p57 positive nucleiRead on
  • IHC
Exported asPodocytes per glomerulus, per section and per animal
IHC positive areaUnitpercent of the structureRead on
  • IHC
Exported asIHC positive area, per section and per animal

Stains

What each stain shows in glomeruli

Glomeruli are found and sized on every stain. Each stain then adds the measures listed beside it.

PASWhat it shows in glomeruliMesangial matrix and capillary basement membranes stain magenta, so matrix growth, sclerosis and crescents stand out.ConductVision Image measures
  • Glomerular density
  • Tuft area
  • Bowman's capsule area
  • Mesangial matrix area
  • Sclerosed area
  • Glomerulosclerosis score
  • Crescents
H&EWhat it shows in glomeruliNuclei and cells stand out, so crescents and crowded tufts are easy to see.ConductVision Image measures
  • Glomerular density
  • Tuft area
  • Bowman's capsule area
  • Crescents
Masson's trichromeWhat it shows in glomeruliCollagen in a scarred tuft stains blue, while cell cytoplasm stains red.ConductVision Image measures
  • Glomerular density
  • Tuft area
  • Bowman's capsule area
  • Sclerosed area
Picrosirius redWhat it shows in glomeruliCollagen stains red, so scarring around Bowman's capsule stands out.ConductVision Image measures
  • Glomerular density
  • Tuft area
  • Bowman's capsule area
IHCWhat it shows in glomeruliA marker shows brown in the cells it labels, such as WT1 in podocyte nuclei.ConductVision Image measures
  • Glomerular density
  • Tuft area
  • Bowman's capsule area
  • Podocytes per glomerulus
  • IHC positive area

Study planner

Plan a study of glomeruli

Enter your study design to see the animals and slides it covers. The planner opens on PAS and one IHC marker, which together give every measure on this page.

Count control groups too.

At each time point.

Each time point uses its own animals.

From each animal.

Stains

Each marker on its own section.

Animals
32
Slides to stain and scan
64

Other model, 4 groups of 8 animals at 1 time point (32 animals). PAS and 1 IHC marker, with 1 section per stain (64 slides).

Measures from these stains

  • Glomerular density
  • Tuft area
  • Bowman's capsule area
  • Mesangial matrix area
  • Sclerosed area
  • Glomerulosclerosis score
  • Crescents
  • Podocytes per glomerulus
  • Tubule area
  • Lumen area
  • Brush border
  • Injury features
  • Cast area
  • Basement membrane thickness
  • Wall area
  • Wall to lumen ratio
  • Interstitial area
  • IHC positive area
  • Flagged area
Send this plan with a pilot request

The pilot form opens with this plan attached, and you can add details before you send it.

Questions about measuring glomeruli

Is ConductVision Image for diagnosis?

No. ConductVision Image is for research use only and is not for diagnosis. Labs use it on glomeruli in sections from animal studies and in human tissue held for research.

Does it count every glomerulus in a section?

Yes. ConductVision Image finds and outlines every glomerulus in the cortex it measures, leaving out flagged areas such as folds. Glomerular density is that count divided by the cortex area.

How is glomerulosclerosis scored?

ConductVision Image measures the sclerosed share of each tuft on PAS and gives each glomerulus a glomerulosclerosis score from it. The scores average into an index for each section and each animal.

Which stains work for glomeruli?

Every stain on this page works for finding glomeruli and measuring their size. PAS adds mesangial matrix, sclerosis and crescents, and IHC adds podocyte counts and positive area.

Can it count podocytes?

Yes. On IHC for a podocyte marker such as WT1 or p57, ConductVision Image counts the positive nuclei inside each glomerulus and reports podocytes per glomerulus.

Can we compare its results with our own scores?

Yes. ConductVision Image exports every measure in CSV tables, so you can line its results up with the scores your lab already keeps.

What does a pilot on glomeruli involve?

You send a few stained sections that span your study, and our team measures their glomeruli with the measures you choose. You then review the tables and decide whether to measure the full study.

Measure the glomeruli in your own sections

Tell us about your study, and we will plan a pilot on a few of its sections.