Endpoint methods library
Fear and defensive behavior endpoint

Freezing

Percent time or duration spent immobile except for respiration during fear, threat, or defensive-behavior assays.

Unit
percent, seconds, bouts
Readout
Immobility except breathing during a defined scoring epoch
Assays
Contextual fear conditioning, cued fear conditioning, extinction, avoidance, looming threat, open-field threat tests

Decision summary

Use freezing when the experiment asks whether a conditioned cue, context, or acute threat suppresses movement. Do not treat freezing as a complete measure of fear by itself: defensive state can also appear as flight, darting, risk assessment, avoidance, or general hypoactivity. Freezing is strongest when the immobility threshold, scoring epoch, context, and baseline activity checks are fixed before analysis.

Primary valueImmobility except breathing during a defined scoring epoch
Common unitsPercent session time, total seconds, bout count, mean bout duration
Compatible assaysContextual fear conditioning, cued fear conditioning, extinction, avoidance, looming threat, open-field threat tests
Required boundaryMovement threshold and minimum immobility duration
Do not infer aloneSpecific emotion, memory strength, analgesia, sedation, or motor ability

Measurement notes

Score freezing from a predefined movement threshold, a minimum duration rule, and a fixed analysis window. Baseline movement before the conditioned stimulus or context exposure should be stored so high freezing is not confused with pre-existing inactivity.

Interpretation limit

Increased freezing often supports stronger conditioned defensive responding, but it can be distorted by sedation, motor impairment, pain, illness, thermal stress, chamber novelty, or an animal shifting from freezing to flight.

Data capture

Store animal ID, session phase, cue or context, frame rate, motion threshold, minimum freeze duration, percent freezing, total seconds, bout count, excluded intervals, and scorer or software version.

Confound checks
  • Low baseline locomotion before the cue or context exposure.
  • Lighting, odor, chamber cleaning, or background noise changing defensive state.
  • Different movement thresholds across cohorts, cameras, or software versions.
  • Shock intensity, timing, or context-preexposure differences between groups.
  • Treatments that alter arousal, muscle tone, respiration, or sensorimotor function.
Reporting checklist
  • Conditioning protocol, cue timing, shock parameters, and test context.
  • Scoring epoch, frame rate, movement threshold, and minimum freezing duration.
  • Baseline/pre-CS freezing and post-CS or contextual freezing windows.
  • Manual versus automated scoring method and blinding status.
  • Exclusion rules for tracking loss, grooming, jumping, sleep, or immobility unrelated to the task.
  • Complementary endpoints such as activity, darting, sheltering, or avoidance when measured.