Microstructure & metallography

Graphite nodularity

Nodularity percentage and nodule count per mm2 for ductile and compacted graphite iron.

ModalitiesOptical microscopyPolished section
Optical micrograph of etched ductile iron: round graphite nodules in a pearlite/ferrite matrix
88%
Nodularity
176 /mm2
Count
20
Fields

Example outputs shown for illustration. Numbers depend on your samples and protocol.

Image: Public domain via Wikimedia Commons

Optical microscopy
Wider-field coverage and uniformity screening across many locations quickly.
Polished section
A polished section with a recorded scale calibration.

Results

Each measurement below comes from your own images, tied back to the annotated frame it came from, so results stay comparable across samples, locations, and conditions.

µm or count

Nodularity %

Size and shape measured for every detected object, then summarized across the population.

Nodularity88%

Example, not a claimed result

In your report: Per-object table, size distribution, and summary percentiles.

µm or count

Nodule count / mm2

Size and shape measured for every detected object, then summarized across the population.

Count176 /mm2

Example, not a claimed result

In your report: Per-object table, size distribution, and summary percentiles.

class

Shape / roundness class

Each detected feature assigned to a class using the agreed rule set, shown on the image.

Illustrative shape
<1µm
1-2µm
2-4µm
>4µm

In your report: Per-feature class, counts by class, and annotated overlays.

µm or count

Size distribution

Size and shape measured for every detected object, then summarized across the population.

Illustrative shape

In your report: Per-object table, size distribution, and summary percentiles.

µm or count

Per-field table

Size and shape measured for every detected object, then summarized across the population.

Fields20

Example, not a claimed result

In your report: Per-object table, size distribution, and summary percentiles.

Built around your image set

Use the calibrated images your team already collects, together with the locations you need to compare.

01
Representative images
Provide representative optical microscopy images with a recorded scale calibration and the regions of interest clearly visible.
02
Image capture details
Record instrument, magnification, pixel scale, preparation method, and the smallest feature the review must resolve.
03
What to compare
State the samples, number of fields, and conditions to compare. A single field of view is not treated as a whole-sample result by itself.

Each report includes

The artifacts your team receives, ready for review and archive.

Annotated image set

Original images with regions of interest, measurement points, masks, and finding overlays.

Measurement table

Location-indexed values, units, distributions, and QC flags in a structured export.

Method record

Calibration evidence, analysis settings, version history, and validation summary.

Confidence in every resultTraceable measurements, reviewed against your agreed reference method.
Traceable scale
The report records the image scale, calibration evidence, and a method-specific expanded measurement uncertainty. It does not use one product-wide accuracy number.
Reference comparison
The configured method is compared with your accepted reference method or reviewed annotations, and reports bias by measurement range and image condition.
Detection performance
Detections are evaluated against reviewed reference regions with precision, recall, and segmentation overlap, separated by the conditions that affect performance.
Repeatability
The locked protocol is rerun on the same inputs and on a defined repeat set. The review records variation from image acquisition, sampling, and analysis separately where possible.

What this result does not establish: Classifies graphite particles by shape and reports nodularity and count following ASTM A247. The nodularity percentage depends on the roundness cutoff; set it to your acceptance convention.

The measurement, today

Nodularity is judged by holding a polished section against reference photomicrographs. Two metallurgists reading the same field routinely disagree, and the count is an estimate.

What it costs

Nodularity sets the strength and ductility of a casting. A part graded acceptable by eye can sit below the mechanical spec, and the disagreement is only settled after a part fails.

From image to reviewed result

  1. 1

    Image the section

    Load a polished section at 100x, unetched, so graphite reads dark on light.

  2. 2

    Segment the graphite

    Every graphite particle is isolated from the matrix.

  3. 3

    Classify by shape

    Particles are sorted nodular or non-nodular by roundness.

  4. 4

    Report the result

    Nodularity percentage and nodule count per square millimetre follow with the size distribution.

Standards & methods

  • ASTM A247

Standards-aware workflows. ConductVision supports these methods; it does not assert certified compliance without validation on your images.

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