Research data · Animal model and test
Elevated plus maze with restraint stress
From 2021 to 2025, 154 animal research papers mentioned restraint stress and the elevated plus maze in their title or abstract.
That is 1.5 times the 103 papers of 2011 to 2015. Between the same two periods, the papers that mention restraint stress and any of the 90 tests we count grew more slowly, to 1.3 times as many.
Papers by year
Animal research papers that mention restraint stress and the elevated plus maze, by year, 2001 to 2026
The 2026 bar counts papers added to PubMed by November 8, 2026.
- Papers in a full year
- 2026 so far
Show the counts for each year
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2001 | 3 |
| 2002 | 12 |
| 2003 | 8 |
| 2004 | 14 |
| 2005 | 8 |
| 2006 | 17 |
| 2007 | 13 |
| 2008 | 10 |
| 2009 | 14 |
| 2010 | 17 |
| 2011 | 19 |
| 2012 | 20 |
| 2013 | 22 |
| 2014 | 23 |
| 2015 | 19 |
| 2016 | 15 |
| 2017 | 28 |
| 2018 | 29 |
| 2019 | 26 |
| 2020 | 24 |
| 2021 | 30 |
| 2022 | 35 |
| 2023 | 23 |
| 2024 | 31 |
| 2025 | 35 |
| 2026 (part year) | 29 |
Papers that mention restraint stress and the elevated plus maze fell from 30 in 2021 to 23 in 2023, then rose to 35 in 2025. Part of this dip may come from PubMed's indexing rather than from fewer studies. We take a paper's species from PubMed's indexing when the indexing names one. Otherwise PubTator 3, NCBI's text-mining service, has to find a species in the title or abstract, or the paper is not counted. Papers that PubMed indexed under the subject heading Animals also fell and rose, from 200,221 in 2021 to 156,447 in 2023 and 235,479 in 2025.
Which species the papers used
Each bar is a share of the 154 papers from 2021 to 2025. A paper can use more than one species, so the shares can add to more than 100%.
Species
Tests mentioned alongside the elevated plus maze
Each bar is one test, with how many of the 154 papers also mention it, and what share that is. Of these papers, 42 (27%) mention no other test.
The 12 tests these papers mention most
Which papers count
A paper counts here when it is animal research and its title or abstract mentions restraint stress and the elevated plus maze.
A paper that mentions either only in its methods is missed, so the count runs low. The search terms are in the list of models and techniques and the test list. The full method, with each source and its terms of use, is on our main page, Behavioral tests in published research.
More pairings
Every pairing of an animal model and a test with 30 or more papers from 2021 to 2025 has a page like this one.
Other tests with restraint stress
The elevated plus maze with other animal models and brain techniques
- Chronic unpredictable stress 170 papers
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 85 papers
- Exercise 83 papers
- Maternal separation and early-life stress 83 papers
- High-fat diet 79 papers
- Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection 65 papers
- Single prolonged stress 63 papers
- Environmental enrichment 54 papers
- Social defeat stress 54 papers
- Streptozotocin diabetes 54 papers
- Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 52 papers
- Chemogenetics (DREADDs) 50 papers
- Social isolation 49 papers
- Sleep deprivation 46 papers
- Scopolamine 43 papers
- Ovariectomy 41 papers
- Predator stress 40 papers
- AAV vectors 38 papers
- Nerve injury 35 papers
- EEG and ECoG 34 papers
- Intranasal delivery 34 papers
- Optogenetics 30 papers
The page on the elevated plus maze counts all the papers that mention it, whatever they study. The page on restraint stress ranks the tests mentioned with it.
How to cite
APA
ConductScience. (2026, November 13). Elevated plus maze with restraint stress [Data set]. https://conductscience.com/resources/data/animal-models/restraint-stress/elevated-plus-maze
BibTeX
@misc{conductscience_restraint_stress_elevated_plus_maze_2026,
author = {{ConductScience}},
title = {Elevated plus maze with restraint stress},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
url = {https://conductscience.com/resources/data/animal-models/restraint-stress/elevated-plus-maze},
note = {Data set, released November 13, 2026},
}Elevated plus maze apparatus in our store
In the test battery tool, pick every test your study will run and add the apparatus we sell for them to one quote.
For studies with restraint stress, our store sells:
