Additive & advanced manufacturing

Battery electrode coating defects

Detect pinholes, agglomerates, streaks, and uncoated patches on electrode coatings.

ModalitiesWeb imagingFlatbed scanMicroscopy
Coated lithium-ion battery electrode on foil showing a ragged, chattered uncoated edge defect
53
Defects
0.7 /m2
Density
0.4 mm
Largest

Example outputs shown for illustration. Numbers depend on your samples and protocol.

Image: Amin et al., Small Methods 2025 9:2402079, CC BY 4.0

Flatbed scan
Flat, evenly-lit capture of sheets, fabrics, and sections.
Microscopy
Bench microscopy at the magnification your protocol already uses.

Results

Each measurement below comes from your own images, tied back to the annotated frame it came from, so results stay comparable across samples, locations, and conditions.

class

Defect count by type

Each detected feature assigned to a class using the agreed rule set, shown on the image.

Defects53
<1µm
1-2µm
2-4µm
>4µm

Example, not a claimed result

In your report: Per-feature class, counts by class, and annotated overlays.

class

Pinhole / agglomerate / streak class

Each detected feature assigned to a class using the agreed rule set, shown on the image.

Illustrative shape
<1µm
1-2µm
2-4µm
>4µm

In your report: Per-feature class, counts by class, and annotated overlays.

per area

Defect density per m2

Findings placed in sample coordinates to reveal spatial patterns and local density.

Density0.7 /m2
Bottom
64%
Corner
71%

Example, not a claimed result

In your report: Coordinate-referenced map, regional density, and representative images.

per area

Uncoated-area map

Findings placed in sample coordinates to reveal spatial patterns and local density.

Illustrative shape
Bottom
64%
Corner
71%

In your report: Coordinate-referenced map, regional density, and representative images.

per area

Location log

Findings placed in sample coordinates to reveal spatial patterns and local density.

Illustrative shape
Bottom
64%
Corner
71%

In your report: Coordinate-referenced map, regional density, and representative images.

Built around your image set

Use the calibrated images your team already collects, together with the locations you need to compare.

01
Representative images
Provide representative web imaging images with a recorded scale calibration and the regions of interest clearly visible.
02
Image capture details
Record instrument, magnification, pixel scale, preparation method, and the smallest feature the review must resolve.
03
What to compare
State the samples, number of fields, and conditions to compare. A single field of view is not treated as a whole-sample result by itself.

Each report includes

The artifacts your team receives, ready for review and archive.

Annotated image set

Original images with regions of interest, measurement points, masks, and finding overlays.

Measurement table

Location-indexed values, units, distributions, and QC flags in a structured export.

Method record

Calibration evidence, analysis settings, version history, and validation summary.

Confidence in every resultTraceable measurements, reviewed against your agreed reference method.
Traceable scale
The report records the image scale, calibration evidence, and a method-specific expanded measurement uncertainty. It does not use one product-wide accuracy number.
Reference comparison
The configured method is compared with your accepted reference method or reviewed annotations, and reports bias by measurement range and image condition.
Detection performance
Detections are evaluated against reviewed reference regions with precision, recall, and segmentation overlap, separated by the conditions that affect performance.
Repeatability
The locked protocol is rerun on the same inputs and on a defined repeat set. The review records variation from image acquisition, sampling, and analysis separately where possible.

What this result does not establish: Detects coating defects visible at the imaged surface and classifies them by type. Their electrical consequence depends on cell design and is confirmed by cell testing.

The measurement, today

Electrode coating is inspected by eye on a moving web. Pinholes and small agglomerates pass at line speed, and defect density is never quantified per unit area.

What it costs

A pinhole or agglomerate becomes a weak point that can drive a short or early capacity loss in the cell. Found on the web, the coating can be rejected; found in a finished cell, the whole cell is scrap.

From image to reviewed result

  1. 1

    Image the web

    Capture coated electrode under even illumination, on the line or a sampled strip.

  2. 2

    Find the defects

    Regions that depart from uniform coating are detected.

  3. 3

    Classify by type

    Each defect is labelled pinhole, agglomerate, streak, or uncoated patch.

  4. 4

    Normalise per area

    Counts become a defect density per square metre with a location log.

Talk to a scientist

Not sure this is the right measurement?

Send a representative image and your measurement goal. A ConductVision scientist will confirm whether this is the right fit, or point you to the closer workflow, before you commit to a quote.

Share your image set
One representative image is enough to start the conversation.
Book a 30-minute review
Walk through the measurement plan and confidence evidence live.

Send a sample image and a measurement goal

We will show the closest ConductVision workflow and flag what needs custom validation for your images.