Semiconductor, packaging & electronics

Wafer-map clustering & excursion analysis

Group edge rings, scratch signatures, center clusters, and repeaters into reviewable spatial patterns.

ModalitiesWafer mapOptical inspectionSEM review
Illustrative full wafer with edge, scratch, and center defect signatures for spatial review
3
Patterns
14
Clusters
0.8/cm2
Edge density

Example outputs shown for illustration. Numbers depend on your samples and protocol.

Image: Illustrative rendering (AI-generated, gpt-image-2), not a production wafer map

Wafer map
Findings in wafer coordinates, so spatial signatures stay reviewable.
Optical inspection
Production-style optical review of the surface under test.
SEM review
Targeted high-magnification review of flagged locations.

Results

Each measurement below comes from your own images, tied back to the annotated frame it came from, so results stay comparable across samples, locations, and conditions.

class

Spatial pattern class

Each detected feature assigned to a class using the agreed rule set, shown on the image.

Patterns3
<1µm
1-2µm
2-4µm
>4µm

Example, not a claimed result

In your report: Per-feature class, counts by class, and annotated overlays.

per area

Cluster boundaries

Findings placed in sample coordinates to reveal spatial patterns and local density.

Clusters14
Bottom
64%
Corner
71%

Example, not a claimed result

In your report: Coordinate-referenced map, regional density, and representative images.

per area

Density by region

Findings placed in sample coordinates to reveal spatial patterns and local density.

Edge density0.8/cm2
Bottom
64%
Corner
71%

Example, not a claimed result

In your report: Coordinate-referenced map, regional density, and representative images.

per area

Lot comparison table

Findings placed in sample coordinates to reveal spatial patterns and local density.

Illustrative shape
Bottom
64%
Corner
71%

In your report: Coordinate-referenced map, regional density, and representative images.

Built around your image set

Use the calibrated images your team already collects, together with the locations you need to compare.

01
Representative images
Provide representative wafer map images with a recorded scale calibration and the regions of interest clearly visible.
02
Image capture details
Record instrument, magnification, pixel scale, preparation method, and the smallest feature the review must resolve.
03
What to compare
State the samples, number of fields, and conditions to compare. A single field of view is not treated as a whole-sample result by itself.

Each report includes

The artifacts your team receives, ready for review and archive.

Annotated image set

Original images with regions of interest, measurement points, masks, and finding overlays.

Measurement table

Location-indexed values, units, distributions, and QC flags in a structured export.

Method record

Calibration evidence, analysis settings, version history, and validation summary.

Confidence in every resultTraceable measurements, reviewed against your agreed reference method.
Traceable scale
The report records the image scale, calibration evidence, and a method-specific expanded measurement uncertainty. It does not use one product-wide accuracy number.
Reference comparison
The configured method is compared with your accepted reference method or reviewed annotations, and reports bias by measurement range and image condition.
Detection performance
Detections are evaluated against reviewed reference regions with precision, recall, and segmentation overlap, separated by the conditions that affect performance.
Repeatability
The locked protocol is rerun on the same inputs and on a defined repeat set. The review records variation from image acquisition, sampling, and analysis separately where possible.

What this result does not establish: Groups visible spatial patterns for review. Pattern similarity is not proof of process root cause; confirm it against equipment history, process data, and electrical test.

The measurement, today

Defect maps are often interpreted from experience and compared visually. Similar clusters can be labeled differently between shifts, and the associated review images may be scattered across tools.

What it costs

Spatial signatures can focus a process investigation on a chamber, handling path, or consumable. Consistent pattern labels make cross-lot review faster without claiming root cause from the image alone.

From image to reviewed result

  1. 1

    Load the map and images

    Bring in wafer-coordinate findings and the review images that support each candidate.

  2. 2

    Cluster the locations

    Group defects by spatial proximity, radial position, orientation, and configured signature rules.

  3. 3

    Review the pattern

    Present representative images alongside the ring, scratch, center, or repeating pattern candidate.

  4. 4

    Compare lots

    Export pattern labels and regional density changes for engineering review.

Talk to a scientist

Not sure this is the right measurement?

Send a representative image and your measurement goal. A ConductVision scientist will confirm whether this is the right fit, or point you to the closer workflow, before you commit to a quote.

Share your image set
One representative image is enough to start the conversation.
Book a 30-minute review
Walk through the measurement plan and confidence evidence live.

Send a sample image and a measurement goal

We will show the closest ConductVision workflow and flag what needs custom validation for your images.