Nitrogen Cycle Steps and Their Relevance in the Ecosystem

The nitrogen cycle is a group of biogeochemical processes that harvest the element (nitrogen) from the Earth’s reservoirs, transform it into biologically active chemical forms so that organisms in the ecosystem can consume and reap benefits before returning the element to its sources. The chemical transformation in each nitrogen cycle step redistributes nitrogen between the […]

Passive Transport: Types and Examples

Introduction Passive transport is the process of transporting molecules from one side of the membrane to the other without any energy requirements. The transport of materials across the cell membrane is necessary to uphold cellular homeostasis.[1] It’s required to maintain the pH, volume, and accumulation of nutrients for protein synthesis and cell metabolism for organisms […]

Bacteria Enumeration – Definition, Methods & Example

What is Bacteria Enumeration? Enumeration of bacteria is defined as the process of determining the number of bacteria in a given sample. There are numerous reasons why researchers have to calculate the number of bacteria or compare the growing number of these microbes under certain specific conditions. It’s mainly essential and a part of routine […]

Soil Biology: How It Influences Soil Formation

Soil biology is a branch of science that focuses on the organisms living in or interacting with the soil. These organisms can be microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi, or macroorganisms such as plants and animals.  Their activities instigate physical, chemical, and biological processes that take place above and below ground. In the long run, […]

How to Prepare Culture Media and Preserve Cultures

Overview Culture media or growth media is a liquid or gel-like substance that provides essential nutrients and minerals required for organisms to grow under laboratory conditions. All microorganisms have different requirements based on their habit and habitat. Thus, culture media needs to be formulated in such a way that they support the organism’s life in […]

Electron Transport Chain: Components, Steps, and Importance

See our Environmental Science Products Environmental Science The electron transport chain (ETC) is a group of protein complexes that function in the last stage of cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where each component acts in sequence to catalyze redox reactions, transfer electrons from their donor […]

Culture Media: Classification, Types, and Relevance

What Is Culture Media? Culture media are mediums that provide essential nutrients and minerals to support the growth of microorganisms in the laboratory. Microorganisms have varying nature, characteristics, habitat, and even nutritional requirements, thus it is impossible to culture them with one type of culture media. However, there are also microorganisms that can’t grow on […]

Basic Microbiology Techniques

Are you looking for Laboratory Devices for your lab? Click here Overview There are several microbiology techniques and procedures specially developed over the years to study and understand the metabolic processes, genetics, functions, and interaction of microbes with other organisms.[1] The methodologies mostly involve techniques for culturing, identification, isolation, staining, and engineering these tiny organisms. […]

Clark Oxygen Electrode: Principle and Limitations

See our Environmental Science Products Environmental Science Clark Oxygen Electrode is a silver-platinum electrochemical cell whose electrodes are covered by non-conductive membranes. They are used to measure gaseous or solubilized oxygen in the liquid.  Clark oxygen electrodes rely on the limited permeability to oxygen of non-conductive membranes, which reduces oxygen loss at the electrodes and […]