Biosafety in Microbiology Labs: Principles and Biosafety Levels
Introduction Microbiology is the study of tiny, microscopic organisms called microbes.[1] For studies like learning the shape and size of organisms, microscopic study is the preferable approach. However, when it comes to genetic analysis, molecular functions, and metabolic studies, the microbes are required to be cultured in labs in their preferable environment. To ensure a particular […]
Cellular Respiration Equation, Steps, Types and Importance
See our Environmental Science Products Environmental Science What is Cellular Respiration? Cellular respiration is a cellular catabolic process that transfers the energy embedded in carbohydrate molecules into energy carriers such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration can take place with and without oxygen. Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is present, and it consists of four […]
Introduction to Microbiology and Its Importance
What is Microbiology? Microbiology is the study of microbes/microorganisms: minute naked organisms to human eyes, including bacteria, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and viruses. There are pros and cons to everything we know, and the same applies to these microorganisms; some microbes are deadly to the planet’s health while others help keep this planet healthy. For example, […]
Stages of Photosynthesis and Factors Influencing It
Learn about the two stages of photosynthesis, that is, light and dark reactions, the essential components, photorespiration, and factors influencing it.
Liposomes: Structure, Classification, and Applications
Introduction Medical advancements are an essential requirement in today’s world to reduce the financial burden of diseases and safeguard the healthcare systems. For diseases like cancer, better drug delivery approaches, diagnostic methods, and treatment options are required to save more patients and enhance their quality of life. One such approach developed — being tested, and […]
Introduction to Bioenergetics
See our Environmental Science Products Environmental Science Bioenergetics is a branch of biochemistry that focuses on energy and energy supply in biological systems. The term first originated as the title of a 1957 novel written by the Nobel laureate Albert Szent-Györgyi. It is the expansion of the chemiosmotic theory postulated in 1961, which originally explains […]
Factors Affecting Cell Membrane Permeability and Fluidity
Introduction Do you wonder how molecules are transported inside cells? The transport of molecules across the cell membrane or in the cell follows two pathways: passive transport and active transport. Active transport is the transport of molecules against a concentration gradient across the cell membrane using transport proteins and energy. In contrast, passive transport is […]
Structure and Functions of Proteins
Introduction Have you ever thought about why athletes or gymnasts are often on a protein-rich diet? It’s because these people expend more energy compared to people who don’t work out. And a diet rich in proteins fuels the body to build muscle, promote quick recovery, boost immunity, replenish glycogen, and burn fat, all of which […]
Steps and Factors Affecting Enzyme Purification
Introduction The goal of enzyme purification is to obtain a substantial amount of a specific enzyme while conserving its function in vivo. Enzyme purification consists of three phases, which can be elaborated into four general steps. Depending on the physical and chemical properties, downstream application, and the source of the target enzyme, each enzyme requires its unique […]