Research data · Disease model and test
Elevated plus maze in depression research
From 2021 to 2025, 599 animal research papers on depression mentioned the elevated plus maze in their title or abstract.
That is 2.0 times the 305 papers of 2011 to 2015. Between the same two periods, the papers on depression that mention any of the 90 tests we count grew more slowly, to 1.5 times as many.
Papers by year
Animal research papers on depression that mention the elevated plus maze, by year, 2001 to 2026
The 2026 bar counts papers added to PubMed by November 8, 2026.
- Papers in a full year
- 2026 so far
Show the counts for each year
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2001 | 3 |
| 2002 | 6 |
| 2003 | 11 |
| 2004 | 10 |
| 2005 | 14 |
| 2006 | 23 |
| 2007 | 29 |
| 2008 | 26 |
| 2009 | 35 |
| 2010 | 43 |
| 2011 | 48 |
| 2012 | 51 |
| 2013 | 57 |
| 2014 | 82 |
| 2015 | 67 |
| 2016 | 93 |
| 2017 | 92 |
| 2018 | 104 |
| 2019 | 106 |
| 2020 | 78 |
| 2021 | 117 |
| 2022 | 126 |
| 2023 | 83 |
| 2024 | 126 |
| 2025 | 147 |
| 2026 (part year) | 130 |
Papers on depression that mention the elevated plus maze fell from 117 in 2021 to 83 in 2023, then rose to 147 in 2025. Part of this dip may come from PubMed's indexing rather than from fewer studies. Where PubMed has indexed a paper, we take its disease models from that indexing. Otherwise PubTator 3, NCBI's text-mining service, has to find the disease in the title or abstract, or the paper is not counted here. Papers that PubMed indexed under the subject heading Animals also fell and rose, from 200,221 in 2021 to 156,447 in 2023 and 235,479 in 2025.
Which species the papers used
Each bar is a share of the 599 papers from 2021 to 2025. A paper can use more than one species, so the shares can add to more than 100%.
Species
“Other animals” counts papers that use none of the species this chart names.
Tests mentioned alongside the elevated plus maze
Each bar is one test, with how many of the 599 papers also mention it, and what share that is. Of these papers, 18 (3%) mention no other test.
The 12 tests these papers mention most
Which papers count
A paper counts here when it is animal research, mentions the elevated plus maze in its title or abstract, and studies depression.
We tell whether a paper studies depression from its MeSH terms, the subject headings the National Library of Medicine adds when it indexes a paper. For a paper without MeSH terms, PubTator 3, NCBI's text-mining service, has to find the disease in the title or abstract. A paper can count under more than one disease model. A paper that mentions the test only in its methods is missed, so the count runs low.
The page on depression research names the subject headings we count as depression. Download the test list for the search terms we used for the elevated plus maze, or the paper list for the PubMed ID of every paper behind these counts. Our main page, Behavioral tests in published research, has the full method and each source's terms of use.
More tests and disease models
Every pairing of a disease model and a test with 30 or more papers from 2021 to 2025 has a page like this one.
Papers on depression that mention other tests
- Forced swim test 1,822 papers
- Sucrose preference test 1,102 papers
- Tail suspension test 983 papers
- Open field 952 papers
- Morris water maze 181 papers
- Novelty-suppressed feeding 146 papers
- Novel object recognition 134 papers
- Light-dark box 100 papers
- Y-maze 86 papers
- Splash test 78 papers
- Social interaction test 72 papers
- Marble burying 53 papers
- Learned helplessness 49 papers
- Fear conditioning 45 papers
- Rotarod 44 papers
- Passive avoidance 43 papers
- Treadmill running 42 papers
- Von Frey test 41 papers
- Wheel running 39 papers
Papers on other disease models that mention the elevated plus maze
- Anxiety 1,543 papers
- Cognitive impairment and dementia 394 papers
- Psychological stress 324 papers
- Alzheimer disease 143 papers
- Substance use disorders 138 papers
- Pain conditions 128 papers
- Post-traumatic stress 113 papers
- Epilepsy and seizures 93 papers
- Obesity and high-fat diet 75 papers
- Diabetes 70 papers
- Brain injury 69 papers
- Autism spectrum disorder 64 papers
- Sleep loss and sleep disorders 61 papers
- Stroke and brain ischemia 46 papers
- Parkinson disease 40 papers
- Schizophrenia and psychosis 36 papers
- Aging 33 papers
The page on the elevated plus maze counts all the papers that mention it, whatever they study. The page on depression research ranks the tests by their papers on depression.
How to cite
APA
ConductScience. (2026, November 10). Elevated plus maze in depression research [Data set]. https://conductscience.com/data/behavioral-tests/models/depression/elevated-plus-maze
BibTeX
@misc{conductscience_depression_elevated_plus_maze_2026,
author = {{ConductScience}},
title = {Elevated plus maze in depression research},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
url = {https://conductscience.com/data/behavioral-tests/models/depression/elevated-plus-maze},
note = {Data set, released November 10, 2026},
}Elevated plus maze apparatus in our store
In the test battery tool, pick every test your study will run and add the apparatus for all of them to one quote.
