Browse every Laboratory Techniques & Protocols article from the ConductScience research team — experiments, protocols, and reviews from the lab.
Need Microtomes for your studies? Click here A Glimpse into the History of a Cryostat A Cryostat is a versatile and high-quality machine that generates low temperatures for tissue sectioning. The word “Cryostat” originates from two separate Greek words “Kryos”, meaning cold, and “stat”, meaning stable. Sir James Dewar, a Scottish Physicist, and Chemist are […]
Spectroscopy is “the study of investigation and measurement of the absorption and emission of light or electromagnetic radiation by matter as a function of its wavelength and frequency”[8]. In simple terms, it’s the study of the interaction of light with a matter or substance. Depending on the nature of the interaction between the energy and […]
Introduction The nuclear overhauser effect is defined as a change in the integrated intensity of one spin when the equilibrium population of another spin is perturbed by saturation or inversion. So, it is the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from one spin-active nucleus to another. However, the nuclei being irradiated should be closer to the […]
Introduction and Principles Large-scale extraction of phage DNA involves digestion of viral coat proteins using a strong protease such as proteinase K followed by extraction with chloroform. This method is suitable for small-scale preparations as well. In the experiment, dialysis of bacteriophage suspension is followed by the extraction of phage particles with chloroform: phenol, and […]
CRISPR Cas9 is a potent and easy-to-use tool for gene editing, but the delivery of the CRISPR Cas9 system has been a challenge since it was developed. Several methods have been developed to effectively transport components of the CRISPR Cas9 system into the cells. The protocol below describes the electroporation-based delivery of Cas9 from Streptococcus […]
As an Amazon Associate, ConductScience Inc. earns revenue from qualifying purchases Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is one of the first forms of gel electrophoresis. Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polymer that is considered the most all-around separation matrix to date due to its transparency, electrical neutrality, and adjustable pore size. The technique can be applied to the […]
Introduction Replacement vectors or substitution vectors are prepared by removing the central filler segment of phage DNA to accommodate the fragments of foreign DNA. This procedure is known as the “preparation of λ arms.” Restriction endonucleases are used to separate the two arms of phage DNA from the central stuffer fragment. The following methods are […]
Introduction At each end of the central stuffer fragment, a series of restriction sites arranged in opposite directions are present in replacement vectors. For instance, in EMBL3A, the order of restriction site in the left polyclonal site is SalI-BamHI-EcoRI, and that of the right polyclonal site is EcoRI-BamHI-SalI. Digestion of this type of vector with […]
Introduction Alkaline phosphatase treatment is used to suppress the background of non-recombinants while performing restriction digestion with insertion vectors containing a single cloning site or polyclonal site using a single restriction enzyme. In this method, ligated DNA is first subjected to phenol: chloroform extraction and standard ethanol precipitation, respectively. It is then treated with restriction […]
Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging is an advanced, non-invasive diagnostic medical imaging technique that provides three-dimensional images of organs. The discovery of MRI involves a series of successful events that started in 1946 when Felix Bolch proposed the new magnetic properties of the atomic nucleus[1]. He explained the behavior of atoms at tiny magnets, and based […]
Need Electrophoresis Equipment for your research? Click here Electrophoresis techniques have been primarily developed for analytical purposes— to investigate the characteristics of the molecules in the sample of interest. The techniques can be modified to serve a preparative purpose, in which a large amount of a specific molecule can be obtained at the end of […]
Introduction and Historical Perspectives Radiations have been extensively used in medical devices to look into the inner workings of the human body. Wilhelm Roentgen brought a revolution in the medical field by first developing an X-ray machine in 1895 after which, the first radiology department was set up. After the discovery of X-ray, various scientists […]
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