Laboratory Techniques & Protocols

What Is Isoflurane? Isoflurane, also known by the brand names, Forane and Terrel, is an inhalation anesthetic used in animal research to induce general anesthesia.[1] Figure: The structure of Isoflurane. Inhalation anesthetics are medicines or anesthetic agents that induce and maintain general anesthesia via inhalation through a mask. General anesthesia is a combination of medicines […]

Cell culture is a technique to isolate and culture cells of interest in laboratories. The term cell generally refers to mammalian cells, although the principles apply to prokaryotes and other eukaryotic cells. In cell cultures, animal cells are isolated from tissue sections and cultured in optimal conditions, including temperature, pH, and carbon dioxide to oxygen […]

Reference to this article: ConductScience, Autoclave Sterilizers 101: How They Work Plus Safety Tips (2022). doi.org/10.55157/CS20220717 What Is an Autoclave? An autoclave is a machine used in industrial and scientific labs to sterilize or decontaminate items.[1] It applies particular heat under pressure to the machine’s chamber to kill harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, spores, […]

Reference to this article: ConductScience, What Is Optogenetics and How Does It Work? (2022). doi.org/10.55157/CS20220704 Need optogenetic devices for your lab? Click here What Is Optogenetics? Optogenetics is a method of controlling and monitoring the functions of cells, tissues, and organisms by combining specialized optical systems and genetic engineering technologies.[1] It is now considered a […]

Reference to this article: ConductScience, Ultimate Guide to Automated Cell Counter: Plus Purchasing Tips (2022). doi.org/10.55157/CS20220614 Introduction Cell counting is routinely performed in life science research labs and medical diagnosis and treatment. There are many ways to count cells in labs, which do not require special equipment. However, the use of equipment and instruments increases […]

Introduction Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a measure of the rate of fall of RBCs at the bottom of a test tube when held upright in a fixed position for a specified time. Essentially, the ESR is a physical process that occurs in normal conditions but can increase in response to an altered blood suspension […]

Introduction An autoclave sterilizes medical or laboratory equipment to kill viruses, bacteria, fungi, and spores. It is the most thorough kind of decontamination that employs saturated steam at a high temperature (typically 121°C) for 15-20 minutes for sterilization (Panta, Richardson, Shaw, Chambers, & Coope, 2019).  The steam must come into direct contact with the materials […]

Introduction Alcoholic fermentation or ethanol fermentation is a biotechnological process in which sugars such as glucose, sucrose, and fructose are converted into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide in the presence of yeast (S. cerevisiae), some bacteria, or other microorganisms.  Alcoholic fermentation is a type of fermentation process widely used in producing alcoholic beverages such as […]

  Capillary electrophoresis is one type of electrophoresis in which the separation of molecules is performed in a capillary tube that is immersed in an electrophoresis running solution. It is the only type of electrophoresis that can be modified to be fully automated and accommodate all forms of electrophoresis, this makes CE a powerful and […]