Browse every Laboratory Techniques & Protocols article from the ConductScience research team — experiments, protocols, and reviews from the lab.
What Are Acids? Acids are chemical compounds that donate protons (H+ ions) or accept electron pairs in chemical reactions. They play a fundamental role in chemistry, biology, and numerous industrial processes. Understanding acids is essential for laboratory work, from titration experiments to buffer preparation. Properties of Acids Acids share several characteristic properties that distinguish them […]
Introduction Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) stain is a widely used method for routine visualization of proteins separated on polyacrylamide gels. It is an organic dye that makes complexes with basic amino acids, such as lysine, histidine, tyrosine, and arginine. The stain transfers an overall negative charge to the proteins allowing their separation from the polyacrylamide […]
Introduction Protein separation and identification is critical for proteome analysis and requires high resolution and powerful protein characterization after gel electrophoresis. To identify the proteins in the gel, colorimetric and fluorescence staining techniques are used. The stains include anionic dyes (Coomassie brilliant blue), metal cations (imidazole-zinc), silver stain, fluorescent dyes, and radioactive probes. Specific staining […]
Introduction The reversible Zinc stain is a widely used staining method for the detection of proteins fractionated by polyacrylamide gels or SDS denatured gels. The Zinc reverse staining exploits the ability of biopolymers to bind Zn2+ and that of imidazole to react with unbound Zn2+ to produce insoluble zinc-imidazolate (ZnIm2). This zinc-imidazole complex deposits along […]
Need stains for your experiments? Click here Introduction Ponceau S staining is a rapid and reversible staining method used for the detection of protein bands on Western blot membranes, Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), nitrocellulose, and cellulose acetate membranes. Ponceau S is a negative stain that binds to the positively charged functional groups of the protein (amino […]
Need Incubators for your lab? Click here As an Amazon Associate Conductscience Inc earns revenue from qualifying purchases Introduction The pulse-chase analysis is a powerful technique to study the synthesis, processing, and transport of proteins. The pulse-chase analysis is widely used in biochemistry and molecular biology for the examination of the cellular process […]
Need stains for your experiments? Click here Silver staining is a powerful technique for protein identification in gels as silver binds to chemical sidechains of the amino acids, including the carboxyl and sulfhydryl groups. It was introduced in 1972 and later adapted for protein separation from the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The nucleation sites in proteins […]
Need Laboratory Equipment for your reasearch? Click here Southern blotting is a hybridization technique used for deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA). The method was named after Edward M. Southern, who developed the technique in the 1970s. The method involves the transfer of DNA fragments from an electrophoresis gel to a membrane causing immobilization of the DNA […]
Introduction Affinity chromatography is a versatile separation protocol that uses the biological interactions for characterization and detailed analysis of sample components. It is based on highly specific interactions between two molecules, such as the interactions between enzyme and its substrate, receptor, and ligand, or antibody and antigen. These reversible interactions are used for the purification […]
Developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976, the Bradford assay is a quick protocol, and the same amount of proteins are used as the Lowry assay. This assay is somewhat accurate, and out-of-range samples can be retested within minutes. This assay is recommended for general use, especially for assessing protein concentrations for gel electrophoresis and […]
Introduction Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a type of liquid chromatography that provides high resolution by small-diameter stationary phases for protein characterization and separation. The technique features high loading capacity, biocompatible buffer systems, fast flow rates, and stationary phases for common chromatography modes (e.g., gel filtration, ion exchange, reversed phase, and affinity chromatography). The […]
Need benchtop equipment for your lab? Click here Introduction Gel-filtration chromatography, also known as size exclusion chromatography, is a versatile technique that permits the separation of proteins and other biological molecules. The gel filtration chromatography separates the proteins solely based on molecular size differences. For this, a porous matrix is used to which the molecules, […]
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