Browse every Laboratory Techniques & Protocols article from the ConductScience research team — experiments, protocols, and reviews from the lab.
Introduction Cytogenetics was introduced in 1900 as a tool to determine the correct number of chromosomes of an organism. Since the 1970s, it has been used to detect clinical syndromes; it helped to understand the chromosomal aberrations and phenotypes associated with it. Karyotyping was the first cytogenetics tool used to study the characteristics of chromosomes. […]
The information about the structure, interactions, and dynamics of biomolecules (protein, DNA, and RNA) is essential for understanding cellular processes. This knowledge is deconvolved by scientists and used in elucidating cellular mechanisms for finding cures for human diseases. The pharmaceutical industry, for example, uses this structural information to improve on the already discovered drugs or […]
As an Amazon Associate, ConductScience Inc. earns revenue from qualifying purchases Introduction Minor compounds, also known as “Minerals or Micronutrients”, are required by living organisms, in a small amount, for their growth and development. Depending on the concentration, that is required to perform a function in an organism, minerals are categorized into two […]
As an Amazon Associate, ConductScience Inc. earns revenue from qualifying purchases Introduction Lipids are biomolecules having a diverse group of organic compounds that include fatty acids, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols. These compounds are insoluble or poorly soluble in water due to the presence of long hydrocarbon chains in their structures. They are easily soluble […]
Need Microscopes for your Lab? Click here Introduction Microscopy is used to visualize objects that are too small to see with the naked eye. In biology, this technique enables us to examine things like bacteria and cells at a magnification of up to 10000 times their original size (BIO1000F practical manual, 2017). In light microscopy, […]
Need Centrifuges for your lab? Click here Introduction Ultracentrifugation is a specialized technique used to spin samples at exceptionally high speeds. Current ultracentrifuges can spin to as much as 150 000 rotations per minute (rpm) (equivalent to 1 000 000 g) (Biocompare, 2019b). However, extreme centrifugal forces may cause overheating, so to avoid sample damage, […]
Need NMR Instruments for your lab? Click here The structure of a molecule can be predicted using NMR spectroscopy. However, the interpretation of the signals in an NMR spectrum relies on several factors. One of the factors affecting the location of the peaks in an NMR spectrum is Chemical shift. The location of the peaks […]
Introduction Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the four essential macromolecules, required for the survival of living beings. Structurally, these are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. Carbohydrates are divided into three classes depending upon the number of forming units (aldehyde or ketone), which are monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. These carbohydrates have extensive roles to […]
As an Amazon Associate, ConductScience Inc. earns revenue from qualifying purchases Introduction The cell is composed of molecules of different chemical nature, whether they are acidic, basic, or neutral, all contribute to the functioning of the cell. Here, we will discuss the histochemical methods used to demonstrate the acidic components of the cell […]
NMR spectroscopy (more information here) is an ideal technique for identifying the structure of molecules. In order to elucidate the structure of a molecule using NMR spectroscopy, we require the sample itself, a reference molecule, and a deuterated organic solvent.[1] This mixture is taken in a thin NMR tube and loaded in the NMR machine. […]
As an Amazon Associate, ConductScience Inc. earns revenue from qualifying purchases Autoradiography is an imaging technique that uses radioactive sources contained within the exposed sample. In vitro autoradiography methods involve the isolation of cellular components such as DNA, RNA, proteins or lipids, followed by labeling with suitable radioisotopes. In in vivo autoradiography, radioisotopes are coupled […]
As an Amazon Associate, ConductScience Inc. earns revenue from qualifying purchases Introduction Proteins are macromolecules that perform a vital role in every functional aspect of life processes, like transportation of molecules, signaling, movement of cells, regulation of gene expression, etc. Their purification, localization, and distribution have always been a critical part of most […]
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