Browse every Science article from the ConductScience research team — experiments, protocols, and reviews from the lab.
In the past, bacteriophage λ DNA purification was largely achieved through procedures that involved Cesium chloride gradients. However, these methods had a low recovery rate and a high chance of the presence of contaminants. Modern bacteriophage λ DNA purification methods give high yield and provide DNA free from contamination (Pickard, 2009). We can also purify […]
Introduction Genomic DNA or cDNA clones are analyzed in a simple procedure that begins with the restriction digestion of phage DNA mini preparations. The digested DNA is then assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. For the rapid analysis, one can purify bacteriophage DNA from plate lysates as well as liquid cultures. This method explains the purification […]
Introduction and Principle Insertion of foreign DNA into M13 cloning vectors is a bit tricky and includes the following steps: Ligating double-stranded DNA segments with cohesive termini into compatible sites in M13 double-stranded RF DNA. Transforming ligation products into competent male E. coli cells (plated in top agar supplemented with X-gal and IPTG. Picking and […]
Introduction The vectors derived from filamentous phages containing a plasmid’s origin of replication are called phagemids (Qi et al., 2012). Phagemids comprise typical high-copy-number plasmids equipped with a major intergenic region (508bp in length) of a filamentous phage. This region does not encode any proteins; however, it comprises all the cis-acting sequences required to initiate […]
Need Digital Health Services for your research? Click here Filters carrying immobilized bacteriophage DNA are labeled with 32P-labelled probes to screen by hybridization in situ. In this procedure, the filters are first submerged in a prehybridization solution (containing blocking solution) to reduce non-specific probe absorption. The filters are then incubated with a denatured radioactive probe […]
Introduction Polysaccharides are long-chain polymers of monosaccharide units, joined together by glycosidic linkages. They are also known as glycans. They are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food. Carbohydrates are vital macromolecules required for the essential functions of organisms. They are classified into the following three classes depending on two criteria, whether they undergo hydrolysis, […]
Biocatalysts refer to proteins that drive all non-spontaneous chemical reactions in any biological system. Also known as enzymes, they are sensitive to temperature and pH, and act only on their specific reactants, unlike inorganic catalysts. However, their activities can be modulated and controlled. Since enzymes are also active in vitro and are organic in nature, […]
Introduction The phenomenon of mutarotation was discovered in 1846 while a scientist was learning about the properties of glucose, a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are the most abundant biological molecule on Earth. They are a vital part of people’s healthy diet and perform functions essential to life. Glucose and fructose are the main sources of energy supplied […]
Enzymology is a field of study that deals with a specific group of proteins called enzymes. These proteins accelerate specific chemical reactions in a biological system, and these reactions are essential to the growth, development, adaptation, and survival of the organism. The absence, accumulation, or dysfunctionality of an enzyme has drastic effects on the living […]
Introduction The human body is composed of roughly 30 trillion cells that collectively perform the essential functions of life. The cells can perform these life-sustaining tasks with the help of several organic molecules present in them. These organic molecules are referred to as biomolecules. The biomolecules have a wide range of sizes and structures, and […]
Introduction and Principles Large-scale extraction of phage DNA involves digestion of viral coat proteins using a strong protease such as proteinase K followed by extraction with chloroform. This method is suitable for small-scale preparations as well. In the experiment, dialysis of bacteriophage suspension is followed by the extraction of phage particles with chloroform: phenol, and […]
CRISPR Cas9 is a potent and easy-to-use tool for gene editing, but the delivery of the CRISPR Cas9 system has been a challenge since it was developed. Several methods have been developed to effectively transport components of the CRISPR Cas9 system into the cells. The protocol below describes the electroporation-based delivery of Cas9 from Streptococcus […]
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