The latent learning apparatus is utilized to study learning and memory functions in zebrafish by analyzing their spatial exploration behavior. This setup allows fish to explore the maze based on their natural curiosity, without any reinforcement through rewards or punishments. It offers a versatile environment for a wide range of investigations, from understanding basic learning mechanisms to exploring the causes and treatments of learning deficits.

Jensen (2006) describes latent learning as a process where subjects learn the spatial layout of a complex maze simply by wandering through it without any reinforcer. When a reinforcer is later introduced, trained individuals use their acquired spatial knowledge to find the reinforcer more quickly than those who did not undergo unreinforced exploration.

The latent learning apparatus is also useful for assessing disruptions in learning abilities of zebrafish following acute and chronic drug exposure. Additionally, it can be used to study the impact of neurotransmitters on learning acquisition. This tool is invaluable for evaluating the biological and neurological mechanisms, as well as the molecular and cellular structures involved in learning. It is also employed in genetic studies of learning and memory traits in zebrafish.

The apparatus consists of a start box and a goal box connected by tunnels, with the goal box containing stimuli to attract the fish. The movement of fish between the start and goal boxes is regulated by modifiable guillotine doors, and the maze walls are made of acrylic to ensure clear visual access to the goal box from any location within the maze. Other apparatuses used for learning studies in zebrafish include the Zebrafish Associative Learning and Zebrafish Bifurcating T Maze setups.