Electron Microscope
Introduction Electron microscopes are similar to light microscopes in many respects, but in place of light (photons), electrons are used to image the specimen. In a light microscope, the resolution is limited by diffraction, which becomes significant below the wavelength of visible light, 0.4 – 0.7 Ī¼m. In comparison, the wavelength of the electrons used […]
The Light Microscope
Introduction The light or optical microscope is a common lab tool that can be used to visualize structures with sizes below that which can be seen by the human eye. Light microscopes are useful for size ranges down to roughly 1 micron (for comparison, the diameter of a human hair is approximately 100 microns). These […]
Healthcare Prediction Modeling
Methods of Prediction: Main Concepts Predictions in clinical research are fundamental techniques that can benefit patientsā outcomes and medical practices. Prediction research is the process of predicting future outcomes, based on certain patterns, markers, and variables (Waljee et al., 2014). Accurate prediction models can indicate the future course of treatment or the risk of developing […]
Stereotaxas Atlas Reviews
The stereotaxic approach of a target structure in the rodent brain requires sufficient theoretical knowledge on the specific locations of different brain regions. The stereotaxic atlas, a necessity in stereotaxic procedures, provides the layout of the rodent brain through theoretical coordinates for the implantation of cannulae, electrodes, and other instruments. Given that an important element […]
rNPV: Approaches to net present value (NPV) in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D)
Pharmaceutical Research and Development & Commercialization of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) is a challenging niche in which experts must find a balance between financial revenue and peopleās well-being. Itās not a secret that drug discovery is a complex and expensive process. On top of that, the field of biotechnology is expanding progressively and […]
Citation Indicators ā Alternative to Impact Factors
The need for Alternatives to Impact Factors Impact factors are prevalent as they have various implications, strong background, and clear formula. However, there are some issues that may arise: often impact factors do not consider factors, such as the area of work, citation patterns, or length of the journals. As a result, experts claim that […]
Impact Factors: Measuring Research Success
What Is a Good Impact Factor? Impact factor (IF) can be defined as the frequency with which a particular number of articles from a scientific journal are cited within the last few years. Impact factors help reveal the importance of a journal. Impact factors can also be used to rank the available literature in a […]
Animal Identification Techniques
Scientific investigations, preclinical research, and pharmacological studies use a number of laboratory animals as subjects. Therefore, proper animal identification becomes a necessity. Animal identification techniques not only help keep a record of the animals but also aids communication between the healthcare professionals and researchers. Furthermore, the identification systems help experimenters comply with regulations of animal […]
Best Benchtop Centrifuges: A Comprehensive Guide
INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF HISTORY One of the most important pieces of equipment in the laboratory is the centrifuge, which facilitates the separation of samples of different densities. Centrifuge exists in different forms for different utility: gas centrifuge for isotope separation, human and non-human centrifuges for aeronautics and astronautics, industrial centrifuge separator as a coolant filtration […]