Biological Membrane: Definition, Structure, Components, and Functions

Introduction and History The biological membrane, also known as cell membrane or biomembrane, is a  selectively permeable membrane that defines the boundary of the cell and separates it from the external environment.[1] The existence of cell membranes wasn’t known until the invention of the microscope in the seventeenth century.[2] With microscopic observations, scientists came to […]

Passive Transport: Types and Examples

Introduction Passive transport is the process of transporting molecules from one side of the membrane to the other without any energy requirements. The transport of materials across the cell membrane is necessary to uphold cellular homeostasis.[1] It’s required to maintain the pH, volume, and accumulation of nutrients for protein synthesis and cell metabolism for organisms […]

Liposomes: Structure, Classification, and Applications

Introduction Medical advancements are an essential requirement in today’s world to reduce the financial burden of diseases and safeguard the healthcare systems. For diseases like cancer, better drug delivery approaches, diagnostic methods, and treatment options are required to save more patients and enhance their quality of life. One such approach developed — being tested, and […]

Active Transport: Definition, Types, and Examples

Introduction The membrane’s ability to control the transport of materials across the membrane is one of the essential life processes in organisms. The membrane determines what solutes shall enter or leave the cell, which involves complex structures functioning in the transfer of molecules across the membrane. And any mutation or malfunction in this transport mechanism […]